KONFLIKTEN I SYRIEN: International aftale er på plads

Af Jørn Boye,
bestyrelsesmedlem i FN-forbundet

Den 30. juni blev der indgået en ny aftale mellem Sikkerhedsrådets fem permanente medlemmer, Den Arabiske Liga, Tyrkiet og EU, der står bag den netop formede Action Group. Aftalen skal presse de to parter i Syrien til at indgå i forhandlinger med Kofi Annan som mægler for i første omgang at danne en "transitional government" med fuld udøvende magt og derefter arbejde for frie valg, ny grundlov m.m. - med respekt for alle minoritetsgrupper.

Aftalen løser nogle af de knaster, der hidtil har hindret en mere resolut handling fra Sikkerhedsrådets side i konflikten. Et eksempel er kravet fra amerikansk side, at Assad skal gå af; det er nu omgået ved at sige, at de direkte forhandlinger om en foreløbig samlingsregering mellem de to sider i borgerkrigen skal ske "on basis of mutual consent." 

Det vil sige, at begge parter skal være enige om en regeringsdannelse - og som den amerikanske udenrigsminister Hilary Clinton sagde det efterfølgende, er det helt udelukket, at oprørerne vil pege på Assad i en ny regering. Så man har fundet en formel, hvor hverken Rusland eller Kina behøver at sige, at Assad skal ud (hvad de blankt har afvist til nu), så både Lavrof (den russiske udenrigsminister) og Clinton kunne henvise til denne formulering.

Nu er det spændende spørgsmål, om de to parter vil gå med i mæglingen. Det er her Kofi Annan kommer ind i billedet. Det er international konfliktløsning efter bogen; de, der har en konflikt med hinanden - der er ejer af konflikten - er dem, som også skal finde løsningen. Ikke stormagterne, der blot skal hjælpe med at presse på og få parterne til at tale sammen.

Fra UN News:

30 June 2012 - The United Nations-backed Action Group on Syria today forged an agreement outlining the steps for a peaceful transition in the Middle Eastern country, while strongly condemning the continued and escalating violence that has taken place there over the past 16 months.

"Today the international community has taken its cooperation to a stronger level, by being clearer and more specific," said Joint Special Envoy for the UN and the League of Arab States on Syria, Kofi Annan, in his   remarks to the Group in Geneva. "They have laid out a path that we hope the Syrian people can embrace and work with."

In a statement, the Group called for all parties to immediately re-commit to a sustained cessation of armed violence, to fully cooperate with UN monitors, and to implement the six-point plan put forward by Mr. Annan without waiting for the actions of others.

The six-point peace plan calls for an end to violence, access for humanitarian agencies to provide relief to those in need, the release of detainees, the start of inclusive political dialogue, and unrestricted access to the country for the international media.

The Group also agreed on a set of principles and guidelines for a Syrian-led transition that meets the aspirations of the Syrian people, which includes the establishment of a transitional governing body that would exercise full executive powers and that would be made up by members of the present Government and the opposition and other groups.

"We are determined to work urgently and intensively to bring about an end to the violence and human rights abuses and the launch of a Syrian-led political process leading to a transition that meets the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people and enables them independently and democratically to determine their own future," Mr. Annan stressed, adding that for the transition to be successful "there must be a commitment to accountability and national reconciliation."

Mr. Annan emphasized that the conflict must be resolved through peaceful dialogue and negotiation alone, noting that Action Group members are "opposed to any further militarization of the conflict."

The Group, also agreed on actions that they would take to implement the steps and measures outlined in the statement, and to support Mr. Annan's work in bringing the relevant parties together.

"The Action Group members will engage as appropriate, and apply joint and sustained pressure on, the parties in Syria to implement what we have discussed," Mr. Annan said. "The hard work starts now. We must work together to implement what has been agreed. We cannot do this alone. I hope all in Syria will embrace what has been laid out here and work with us to stop the killing and build a better future," he added.

The UN estimates that more than 10,000 people, mostly civilians, have been killed in Syria and tens of thousands displaced since the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad began 16 months ago.

Action Group members include Secretaries-General of the United Nations and the League of Arab States, Ban Ki-moon and Nabil Elaraby, respectively, the Foreign Ministers of the five permanent members of the Security Council - China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America - as well as the Turkish Foreign Minister, the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the Foreign Ministers of Iraq, as Chair of the Summit of the League of Arab States; Kuwait, as Chair of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the League of Arab States and Qatar, as Chair of the Follow-up Committee on Syria of the League of Arab States.